Is cheesecake lactose free?

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream: A Delectable Fusion

Indulge in the creamy, dreamy taste of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream! Perfect blend of fresh strawberries and rich cheesecake in a delightful ice cream. Discover the ultimate summer treat.

What is Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream?

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream merges the tangy, creamy richness of cheesecake with the fresh zest of strawberries, all folded into a smooth ice cream base. This dessert is not just ice cream; it’s an experience, offering a balance of fruit and decadent cheesecake chunks. Originating from the classic strawberry cheesecake dessert, this ice cream variant has won hearts with its nostalgic yet refreshing flavor profile.

History and Origin of This Flavorful Delight

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream, with its irresistible blend of rich cheesecake and fresh strawberries, has become a beloved flavor among ice cream enthusiasts. The history of this delicious ice cream flavor traces back to the inventive spirit of dessert chefs who sought to merge classic desserts with the refreshing coolness of ice cream.

The concept likely originated in the United States during the latter half of the 20th century, a time when the ice cream industry was keen on experimenting with new, bold flavors. Cheesecake, already a popular dessert, provided a perfect base for incorporation into ice cream. Adding strawberries to the mix was a natural step, given the classic status of strawberry cheesecake as a favorite dessert in American cuisine.

The introduction of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream represented a fusion of dessert cultures: the rich, creamy texture of cheesecake and the sweet, tangy zest of strawberries frozen into a delightful treat. This flavor quickly captured the hearts of many, successfully bridging the gap between a traditional bakery dessert and a frozen summertime snack.

Commercially, the flavor gained prominence as gourmet ice cream brands began to include it in their lineups, marketing it as a premium product. It became a staple flavor in many ice cream parlors and was also adopted by major ice cream manufacturers for mass production. This widespread availability helped cement its status as a classic and innovative flavor, appreciated by consumers for its combination of familiarity and novelty.

Today, Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is not only a testament to the creativity of dessert innovation but also a beloved choice that continues to inspire new variations and recipes. Whether served in a cone, as part of a sundae, or straight from the pint, its rich history and delightful combination of flavors ensure it remains a favorite among all ages.

How is Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream Made?

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is a delicious treat that combines the rich, creamy texture of cheesecake with the fresh, fruity flavor of strawberries. Here’s how it is typically made:

1. Ingredients Preparation:
   • Strawberries: Fresh strawberries are cleaned, hulled, and sliced. They can be mashed or pureed and often sweetened with sugar to enhance their flavor.
   • Cheesecake Base: The base for the ice cream generally includes cream cheese, sugar, and sometimes sour cream or yogurt to mimic the tangy flavor of cheesecake.
   • Cream Mixture: Heavy cream and milk are mixed to form the main part of the ice cream base, providing a rich and creamy texture.
2. Cooking the Base:
   • Combine the cream cheese with sugar and a bit of milk in a saucepan and cook gently until smooth and creamy. This mixture is then cooled.
   • In a separate bowl, whip the heavy cream (sometimes with a little vanilla extract) until it forms soft peaks.
3. Mixing the Ingredients:
   • The cooled cheesecake mixture is combined with the whipped cream. This ensures that the base is smooth and homogenous.
   • The strawberry puree or chunks are folded into the base. Some recipes call for adding small chunks of graham cracker or biscuit to simulate the cheesecake crust.
4. Churning:
   • The complete mixture is poured into an ice cream maker. Churning not only cools the mixture down to transform it into ice cream but also incorporates air, making it lighter and creamier.
   • The ice cream is churned according to the manufacturer’s instructions, typically until it reaches a soft-serve consistency.
5. Freezing:
   • The soft ice cream is then transferred to a container and frozen for several hours until firm. This step solidifies the ice cream and enhances the flavors.
6. Serving:
   • Once fully set, the Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is ready to be served. It can be garnished with additional strawberry slices, whipped cream, or more crushed graham cracker for extra texture and flavor.

This delightful dessert offers a perfect balance of sweet, creamy cheesecake and the bright, tangy punch of strawberries, making it a popular choice among ice cream flavors.

Key Ingredients in Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream: Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream blends the creamy texture of cheesecake with the fresh taste of strawberries. Here are the key ingredients typically used to make this delicious ice cream flavor:

1. Strawberries: Fresh or frozen strawberries are used to provide the signature fruity flavor. These can be used as purees or chunks depending on the desired texture in the ice cream.
2. Cream Cheese: This is essential for mimicking the rich and tangy flavor of cheesecake. Cream cheese is blended into the ice cream base to give it a smooth, creamy texture.
3. Heavy Cream and Milk: These dairy products are the base of any ice cream. Heavy cream is especially important for achieving the rich and creamy texture characteristic of good ice cream.
4. Sugar: Used to sweeten the mixture. The amount can vary depending on the sweetness of the strawberries and personal preference.
5. Sour Cream or Yogurt: Optional ingredients that can be added to enhance the tanginess of the cheesecake flavor, making the ice cream taste more authentic.
6. Vanilla Extract: A splash of vanilla enhances the overall flavor of the ice cream, complementing both the cream cheese and strawberries.
7. Graham Cracker Crumbs: These are often mixed into the ice cream or sprinkled on top to simulate the crust of a traditional cheesecake and add a textural contrast.

These ingredients combine to create a luxurious ice cream that echoes the classic dessert, perfect for those who love both strawberry and cheesecake flavors.

The Role of Strawberries

In Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream, strawberries play several crucial roles that significantly impact the flavor, texture, and overall appeal of the dessert:

1. Flavor: Strawberries are the primary flavor component of this ice cream. They impart a fresh, fruity taste that balances the rich creaminess of the cheesecake base. The natural tartness and sweetness of strawberries make them a perfect complement to the denser, sweeter cheesecake elements.
2. Color: Strawberries add a vibrant, appealing red or pink hue to the ice cream, making it visually attractive. This color can vary from pale pink to deep red depending on the type and quantity of strawberries used.
3. Texture: Depending on their preparation (sliced, diced, pureed, or whole), strawberries can enhance the ice cream with varied textures. Pieces of fruit add a juicy chewiness, while pureed strawberries can create a smoother, more integrated texture.
4. Acidity: The natural acidity of strawberries helps to balance the sweetness of the ice cream base. This acidity can also enhance the overall flavor profile, making the taste buds more receptive to the nuances of both the cheesecake and strawberry flavors.
5. Health Appeal: Strawberries bring a nutritional aspect to the ice cream, being rich in vitamins, particularly vitamin C, and antioxidants. This can make the indulgent dessert slightly more guilt-free for health-conscious consumers.

In summary, strawberries not only define the character of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream through their flavor and color, but they also contribute to the dessert’s texture and nutritional profile, enriching the sensory experience of enjoying this beloved treat.

Cheesecake Pieces: A Rich Addition

Incorporating cheesecake pieces into Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream elevates the dessert by adding layers of texture and enhancing its rich, indulgent flavor profile. Here’s a closer look at how cheesecake pieces contribute to the ice cream:

1. Richness: Cheesecake pieces introduce a dense, creamy texture that is unmistakably rich. This adds a luxurious mouthfeel to the ice cream, distinguishing it from simpler strawberry or vanilla flavors.
2. Authenticity: By including actual cheesecake pieces, the ice cream more authentically captures the essence of eating a slice of strawberry cheesecake. This can appeal to cheesecake enthusiasts who seek the genuine flavor of their favorite dessert in a frozen form.
3. Texture Contrast: The soft yet firm texture of cheesecake pieces provides a delightful contrast to the smoothness of the ice cream base. This variation in texture can enhance the eating experience, offering little bursts of cheesecake as one enjoys the ice cream.
4. Visual Appeal: Chunks of cheesecake can make the ice cream more visually appealing. Their presence can be accentuated if the cheesecake pieces are visible through the ice cream, creating a tempting, chunky appearance that invites tasting.
5. Flavor Intensity: Cheesecake pieces can intensify the flavor profile of the ice cream. As these pieces contain concentrated flavors of cream cheese and potentially a crust element, they enrich the overall flavor, making each bite more impactful.

By adding cheesecake pieces to Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream, manufacturers or homemade ice cream makers can offer an elevated product that promises not only the classic flavors of strawberry and cheesecake but also a complex texture and rich creaminess that enhance the indulgence of each scoop.

Nutritional Information

The nutritional content of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream can vary depending on the specific recipe and ingredients used. However, here is a general breakdown of what you might expect in terms of nutritional information for a typical serving of this dessert:

Typical Serving Size

• 1/2 cup (approximately 105 grams)

Average Nutritional Values per Serving

• Calories: 200-250 calories
• Total Fat: 12-18 grams
  • Saturated Fat: 7-10 grams
• Cholesterol: 40-60 milligrams
• Sodium: 100-150 milligrams
• Total Carbohydrates: 20-30 grams
  • Dietary Fiber: 0-1 grams
  • Sugars: 18-25 grams
• Protein: 2-4 grams

Key Nutrients

• Vitamin A: A modest source due to the cream and eggs.
• Vitamin C: Provided by the strawberries, although the amount can vary.
• Calcium: Contributed by the dairy ingredients like cream and milk.

Considerations:

• High in Sugars and Fats: This ice cream is rich in sugars and fats, which contribute to its high calorie content. The fats are primarily saturated, coming from cream and cream cheese.
• Low in Fiber: Typically, this ice cream offers little in terms of dietary fiber unless additional ingredients like whole fruit or nuts are added.
• Protein Levels: It has a moderate amount of protein, mainly from dairy sources.

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is an indulgent treat best enjoyed in moderation, particularly if you are mindful of sugar and fat intake. For those looking for a lighter version, alternatives made with low-fat dairy products, sugar substitutes, or added fiber can be considered to adjust the nutritional profile.

Caloric Content and Serving Size

The caloric content and serving size of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream can vary based on the recipe and the specific ingredients used, but here is a general guideline for a typical commercial or homemade version:

Typical Serving Size

• 1/2 cup (about 105 grams)

Average Caloric Content per Serving

• 200 to 250 calories

This caloric range is a ballpark estimate. It reflects the use of standard ingredients like cream cheese, heavy cream, sugar, and strawberries. The actual calories can be influenced by factors such as the addition of extra toppings (like additional chunks of cheesecake or graham cracker pieces), the use of full-fat versus reduced-fat dairy products, and variations in the sugar content.

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is a rich, indulgent treat, and the calories primarily come from fats (cream and cream cheese) and sugars. If you’re watching your caloric intake or looking for a lighter option, you might consider portions smaller than the typical serving size or seek out versions made with lighter ingredients.

Dietary Considerations

When enjoying Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream, there are several dietary considerations to keep in mind, especially for those with specific dietary needs or health concerns:

1. Allergens: This ice cream contains common allergens such as dairy (milk, cream, and possibly yogurt or sour cream) and eggs, which are often used in the base. It may also contain gluten if graham crackers or any wheat-based crust pieces are added. Those with allergies to these ingredients should avoid this flavor or look for specially formulated allergen-free versions.
2. Lactose Intolerance: Since dairy products are a primary component, this ice cream can be problematic for people with lactose intolerance. Lactose-free versions using lactose-free dairy or dairy alternatives (like almond, soy, or coconut milk) might be available and are suitable substitutes.
3. Dietary Fats: Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is typically high in saturated fats due to the cream and cream cheese. Those monitoring their fat intake for heart health or other reasons might opt for versions made with reduced-fat dairy products.
4. Caloric and Sugar Content: This dessert is high in calories and sugars, which can be a concern for individuals managing their weight or those with conditions like diabetes. Portion control is advisable, or one might choose a product that uses sugar substitutes or is lower in overall sugar content.
5. Gluten Sensitivity or Celiac Disease: If the ice cream includes graham cracker pieces or any components containing wheat, it will not be suitable for those on a gluten-free diet. Checking labels for gluten-free certification or making homemade versions with gluten-free alternatives is recommended.
6. Vegetarian and Vegan Considerations: Traditional recipes are not vegan due to dairy and possibly eggs. Vegetarians (who consume dairy) can enjoy most types, but vegans should look for products specifically labeled as vegan, which would use plant-based ingredients and no animal-derived products.

Choosing the appropriate type of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream can make it possible to enjoy this delicious treat while respecting dietary restrictions and preferences. Always check product labels or inquire about ingredients when purchasing commercially made ice creams or when dining out.

Making Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream at Home: Making Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream at home can be a delightful and rewarding project. Here’s a simple recipe that you can follow to create this delicious treat in your own kitchen:

Ingredients:

• 1 cup of fresh strawberries, hulled and chopped
• 1/2 cup of sugar (adjust based on sweetness of strawberries)
• 1 teaspoon of lemon juice
• 8 ounces of cream cheese, softened
• 1 cup of heavy cream
• 1/2 cup of milk
• 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract
• 1/2 cup of crushed graham crackers (optional, for added texture)

Equipment:

• Ice cream maker
• Blender or food processor (for pureeing strawberries)
• Mixing bowls
• Spatula

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Strawberries:
   • In a small bowl, combine the chopped strawberries, sugar, and lemon juice. Let them sit for about 20 minutes to macerate, which helps the strawberries release their juices and enhances their flavor. After macerating, puree the mixture in a blender or food processor until smooth.
2. Mix the Ice Cream Base:
   • In a large bowl, beat the cream cheese until it is smooth. Gradually add milk and vanilla extract, and continue beating until well combined and smooth.
   • In a separate bowl, whip the heavy cream until it forms soft peaks. Fold the whipped cream into the cream cheese mixture gently to keep it light and airy.
3. Combine Ingredients:
   • Stir the strawberry puree into the cream cheese and whipped cream mixture until thoroughly combined. If you’re using graham crackers for a cheesecake-like crust effect, fold them in now.
4. Chill the Mixture:
   • Cover the bowl and refrigerate the mixture for at least 2 hours, or until it is thoroughly chilled. This step is crucial for a smooth texture in the final product.
5. Churn the Ice Cream:
   • Pour the chilled mixture into your ice cream maker and churn according to the manufacturer’s instructions, usually about 20 to 25 minutes or until it reaches a soft-serve consistency.
6. Freeze to Set:
   • Transfer the churned ice cream to a freezer-safe container. If desired, you can swirl in additional strawberry puree or crushed graham crackers for texture before freezing. Cover and freeze until solid, typically about 4 hours or overnight.
7. Serve:
   • Remove the ice cream from the freezer about 10 minutes before serving to soften slightly for easy scooping. Serve with additional fresh strawberries or a sprinkle of graham cracker crumbs if desired.

This homemade Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream offers a perfect blend of creamy cheesecake and zesty strawberries, with the added delight of crunchy graham cracker bits mimicking the crust of a classic cheesecake. Enjoy crafting this sweet treat at home!

Necessary Equipment

To make Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream at home, you’ll need a few essential pieces of equipment to ensure the process goes smoothly and the final product turns out delicious. Here’s a list of necessary equipment:

1. Ice Cream Maker: This is crucial for churning the ice cream mixture into a smooth, creamy texture. There are various types, including manual churn models and electric models that do the work for you.
2. Blender or Food Processor: Needed for pureeing the strawberries into a smooth mixture. This ensures the strawberry flavor is evenly distributed throughout the ice cream.
3. Mixing Bowls: You will need several mixing bowls for different steps of the recipe, such as mixing the ice cream base and whipping the cream.
4. Electric Mixer or Whisk: An electric mixer is ideal for beating the cream cheese and whipping the heavy cream. You can use a manual whisk, but an electric mixer will make the process much easier and quicker.
5. Measuring Cups and Spoons: Accurate measuring tools are essential for following the recipe correctly, ensuring the right balance of ingredients for the perfect taste and texture.
6. Spatula: A spatula is necessary for folding ingredients gently to keep the mixture airy, particularly when combining the whipped cream with the cream cheese mixture.
7. Freezer-Safe Container: After churning, the ice cream needs to be stored in a freezer-safe container to set and harden. A container with a tight-fitting lid is preferable to prevent freezer burn.
8. Fine Mesh Sieve (optional): If you prefer a smoother ice cream without any strawberry seeds, you can strain the strawberry puree through a fine mesh sieve before adding it to the mixture.

These tools will help you prepare the ice cream mixture correctly and efficiently, leading to a deliciously smooth and creamy Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream. Enjoy the process of making this delightful treat at home!

Step-by-Step Recipe

Certainly! Here’s a detailed step-by-step recipe for making Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream at home. This recipe combines fresh strawberries with a creamy cheesecake ice cream base and optional graham cracker pieces for a delightful dessert.

Ingredients:

• 1 cup fresh strawberries, hulled and chopped
• 1/2 cup granulated sugar, divided
• 1 teaspoon lemon juice
• 8 ounces cream cheese, softened
• 1 cup heavy cream
• 1/2 cup milk
• 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
• 1/2 cup crushed graham crackers (optional, for texture)

Equipment:

• Ice cream maker
• Blender or food processor
• Mixing bowls
• Electric mixer or whisk
• Spatula
• Freezer-safe container

Instructions:

Step 1: Prepare the Strawberries

1. Let the mixture sit for about 20 minutes to macerate, allowing the strawberries to release their natural juices and flavors.
2. Puree the strawberry mixture in a blender or food processor until smooth.

2: Make the Cheesecake Base

1. In a large mixing bowl, beat the cream cheese with the remaining 1/4 cup of sugar until smooth.
2. Gradually add the milk and vanilla extract, continuing to beat until the mixture is completely smooth.

3: Whip the Cream

1. In a separate bowl, whip the heavy cream until it forms stiff peaks. Be careful not to overbeat.

4: Combine the Mixtures

1. Gently fold the whipped cream into the cream cheese mixture using a spatula, trying to keep the mixture as light and airy as possible.
2. Add the strawberry puree and gently fold it in until the mixture is uniformly pink. If using, fold in the crushed graham crackers now for added texture.

5: Chill the Mixture

1. Cover the bowl and refrigerate the ice cream mixture for at least 2 hours, or until it is thoroughly chilled.

6: Churn the Ice Cream

1. Pour the chilled mixture into the ice cream maker.
2. Churn according to the manufacturer’s instructions, usually for about 20-25 minutes, until it reaches a soft-serve consistency.

7: Freeze to Set

1. Transfer the churned ice cream to a freezer-safe container.
2. If desired, swirl in additional strawberry puree or sprinkle more crushed graham crackers on top before freezing.
3. Cover and freeze for at least 4 hours, or until firm.

8: Serving

1. Remove the ice cream from the freezer about 10 minutes before serving to soften slightly, making it easier to scoop.
2. Serve with additional fresh strawberries or a sprinkle of graham cracker crumbs if desired.

Enjoy your homemade Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream, a perfect blend of creamy cheesecake and fresh strawberries with an optional crunchy texture from the graham crackers!

Variations of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream

Adventurous makers and eaters might enjoy exploring variations of this classic flavor. From incorporating different berries to experimenting with cheesecake flavors like chocolate or caramel, the possibilities are endless.

Vegan and Non-Dairy Alternatives

Vegan and non-dairy versions of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream use coconut milk or almond milk as the base, with vegan-friendly cheesecake bits incorporated throughout. These alternatives offer a way for everyone to enjoy this delightful treat, regardless of dietary preferences.

Fun Mix-ins and Toppings

To enhance the ice cream, consider adding graham cracker crumbs, chocolate chips, or even swirls of strawberry jam. These additions can elevate the texture and complexity of the flavor.

Serving and Presentation Tips

The best way to serve Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is slightly softened, allowing the flavors to meld beautifully. Presentation can be enhanced with fresh strawberries, mint leaves, or even a drizzle of strawberry syrup.

Best Practices for Scooping and Serving

To achieve perfectly round scoops, ensure the ice cream is stored at an optimal temperature. Scooping tools should be warmed briefly under hot water to glide through the ice cream effortlessly.

Decorative Ideas to Enhance Visual Appeal

For a stunning presentation, serve your ice cream in clear glass bowls or classic ice cream cones. Layering the ice cream with additional cheesecake pieces and strawberry slices can create an enticing visual and textural contrast.

Where to Find the Best Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream

While homemade ice cream has its charms, several commercial brands and local ice cream parlors offer exceptional versions of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream. Whether you prefer to purchase yours or make it at home, knowing where to find the best can enhance your ice cream experience.

Top Rated Ice Cream Parlors Nationwide

Across the United States, numerous ice cream parlors are renowned for their gourmet flavors, including Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream. These establishments often use premium ingredients and innovative techniques to serve up the freshest, most delectable versions of this popular flavor.

Homemade vs. Store-Bought: A Comparison

While store-bought ice cream can be convenient, making Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream at home allows for greater control over ingredients and flavor nuances. For those passionate about food craftsmanship, homemade is the way to go.

Consumer Reviews and Recommendations

Feedback from ice cream enthusiasts often highlights favorite brands and flavors. Incorporating these insights can guide new consumers to high-quality products and enhance their overall ice cream experience.

Favorite Brands According to Ice Cream Lovers

Certain brands stand out in the market due to their quality and flavor accuracy. These brands are frequently recommended by consumers for those seeking the authentic taste of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream.

Tips for Selecting the Best Product

When choosing a Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream, consider factors like ingredient quality, flavor balance, and consumer reviews. Opt for brands that use real strawberries and authentic cheesecake pieces to ensure a delightful eating experience.

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream

In conclusion, Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is more than just a dessert; it’s a fusion of beloved flavors that offers a refreshing twist on two classic treats. Whether you indulge in a scoop at a local parlor or whip up your own batch at home, this flavor is sure to satisfy your sweet tooth and bring a smile to your face.

Frequently Asked Questions: What makes Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream different from other flavors?: Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream stands out due to its combination of fruity and creamy elements. The inclusion of real cheesecake pieces and strawberry puree sets it apart from more traditional flavors, providing a unique texture and rich taste.

How can I make Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream if I don’t have an ice cream maker?

Making ice cream without an ice cream maker is quite feasible. You can use a manual method involving a freezer-safe container and regular stirring to break up ice crystals, or employ a bag method where ice cream ingredients are shaken in a bag with ice and salt.

Are there any low-sugar versions of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream?

Yes, several brands offer low-sugar or sugar-free versions of this flavor. These products typically use sugar substitutes or natural sweeteners to provide a healthier alternative without compromising on taste.

Can Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream be made vegan?

Absolutely! Vegan Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream uses plant-based ingredients such as coconut milk or almond milk and vegan cheesecake bits to recreate the traditional flavor without animal products.

What are the best toppings for Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream?

Ideal toppings for Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream include additional fresh strawberries, graham cracker crumbs, or a drizzle of chocolate or caramel sauce. These enhance the flavor while adding textural contrast.

How should Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream be stored to maintain its best quality?

To preserve the quality and texture of Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream, store it in an airtight container in the freezer. Keeping the temperature constant and avoiding frequent temperature changes helps maintain its creamy consistency.

Conclusion

Strawberry Cheesecake Ice Cream is a delightful treat that combines the richness of cheesecake with the fresh zest of strawberries in a creamy ice cream format. Whether you enjoy it on a hot summer day or as a special dessert, this flavor is sure to bring enjoyment. With options for making it at home or choosing from high-quality store-bought versions, everyone can partake in this delicious indulgence.